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Objective:To analyze the passive smoking exposure and its influencing factors in non-smokers aged≥18 in Tianjin.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the 2018 Tianjin Adults Noncommunicable Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, non-smokers aged≥18 years old at 7 surveillance sites were selected as the research objects, taking 2018 population data of Tianjin as the standard population, the sample data were weighted to analyze the general demographic characteristics, the level of passive smoking exposure, the cognition of tobacco harm, and the influencing factors of passive smoking exposure. Pearson χ 2 test was used to compare the rate between groups, and the influencing factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results:After weighted, the passive smoking exposure rate was 51.5%, among non-current smokers, the awareness rates of smoking related lung cancer and passive smoking related adult lung cancer were 83.3% and 80.0%, respectively. The awareness rates of smoking related stroke and passive smoking related heart disease in adults were 61.4% and 66.4%, respectively. The awareness rate that smoking related stroke was higher in the non-passive smoking exposed group than in the secondhand smoke exposed group (62.7% vs 60.3%, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the awareness rate of smoking related heart attacks and lung cancer as well as passive smoking related adult heart disease, adult lung cancer, and lung disease in children between the passive smoking exposed group and the non-passive smoking exposed group (all P>0.05). The awareness rate of smoking related three diseases (stroke, heart attack and lung cancer) was 57.9% and the awareness rate of passive smoking related three diseases (heart disease in adults, lung cancer and lung disease in children) was 64.9% in non-current smokers. Among men, undergraduate or above was a protective factor for second-hand smoke exposure. Heads, clerical and related personnel of state organs, party and mass organizations, enterprises and public institutions were risk factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Among women, age ≥60 years and high education were protective factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Conclusions:Non smokers aged 18 and above in Tianjin have a higher level of passive smoking exposure, and the awareness rate of tobacco exposure related cardiovascular diseases is low. In future, the health education of relevant knowledge should be strengthened.
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ObjectiveTo understand the acceptance of sex-related behaviors， sexual safety awareness， and refusal skills among junior high school students and conduct association analysis， and to provide a reference for the implementation of sex and reproductive health education for adolescents. MethodsA questionnaire survey related to knowledge of sexual and reproductive health was conducted among 478 students from two junior high schools in Jiading District， Shanghai. ResultsThe pass rate for sex and reproductive health knowledge among junior high school students was only 36.6%， with acceptance rates for dating， watching pornography， engaging in sexual behavior， pregnancy， and artificial abortion at 24.5%， 11.1%， 5.6%， 4.8%， and 5.9%， respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that students who passed the sexual and reproductive health assessment had a significantly lower acceptance rate of sex-related behaviors than those who did not （aOR=1.666， 95%CI： 1.124‒2.470， P=0.011）. Adolescents with a passing knowledge of sexual and reproductive health （aOR=1.607， 95%CI： 1.060‒2.438， P=0.026） or a lower acceptance of sex-related behaviors （aOR=4.199， 95%CI： 2.804‒6.289， P<0.001） had higher awareness of sexual safety. Adolescents with a passing knowledge of sexual and reproductive health （aOR=1.691， 95%CI： 1.066‒2.684， P=0.026）， a lower acceptance of sex-related behaviors （aOR=1.756， 95%CI： 1.130‒2.729， P=0.012）， or higher awareness of sexual safety （aOR=2.872， 95%CI： 1.826‒4.516， P<0.001） had stronger skills to refuse sex-related behaviors. ConclusionSexual and reproductive attitudes， sexual safety awareness， and refusal skills for sex-related behaviors among junior high school students in Jiading District need to be improved. Schools should focus on cultivating adolescents’ sexual and reproductive knowledge and related skills， and advocate for relevant institutions to provide appropriate sexual healthcare services to meet their needs for reproductive healthcare.
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@#Introduction: Malaysian adults consume excessive amounts of salt daily, which could lead to hypertension. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surrounding salt intake is crucial for designing effective interventions to reduce excessive consumption and its associated health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt an existing salt intake-related KAP questionnaire that was previously employed in a local population-based survey and to validate and test its reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised two phases: (1) adaptation, content validation (CV), and face validation (FV); (2) pilot testing and reliability testing. CV and FV involved a total of seven experts and ten Malaysian adults from the Klang Valley, respectively. Pilot testing involved 139 Malaysian adults to determine the questionnaire’s reliability. Content validity index (CVI) and Face validity index (FVI) values were calculated to analyse CV and FV. Reliability of each domain was analysed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha (α) values. Results: A self-administered questionnaire comprising six items each for knowledge, attitude, and practice was developed. The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable item-level CVI (I-CVI) and item-level FVI (I-FVI) values of at least 0.83, indicating that the items were relevant, clear, non-ambiguous, and simple. Reliability test showed acceptable α values of at least 0.70 for each domain, suggesting that the questionnaire was reliable. Conclusion: This tool could be considered valid and reliable for assessing the level of KAP towards salt intake among adults in Malaysia.
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Background Sleep quality is one of the important factors affecting soldiers’ task performance. Objective To explore the effects of mindful attention awareness, burnout, and occupational stress on sleep quality among soldiers in plateau areas. Methods A total of 1090 soldiers were selected from four units in plateau areas by cluster sampling method and were asked to participate a cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect test were conducted for the study. Results Of the 1090 soldiers recruited, 1082 soldiers returned valid questionnaires, and the valid recovery rate was 99.26%. The median (P25, P75) score of PSQI was 4.00 (2.00,7.00), the median score of OSI was 26.00 (17.00, 34.00), the median score of MBI-GS was 3.53 (3.13, 4.00), and the median score of MAAS was 71.00 (59.00, 82.00). The burnout and mindful attention awareness levels varied among military personnel of different age groups (P<0.05), so did the burnout and occupational stress levels among military personnel of different length of service groups (P<0.05), and the occupational stress, PSQI, burnout, and mindful attention awareness levels among military personnel with different educational backgrounds and genders (P<0.05). The results of mediated effect test showed that occupational stress and burnout had both a parallel mediated effect and a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality, with effect sizes of 15.3%, 21.5% and 31.8%, respectively. Conclusion There is a mediated effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality by the occupational stress and burnout of military personnel in plateau areas, and sleep quality is also affected by mindful attention awareness through the chain-mediated effect of occupational stress and burnout.
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ObjectiveTo understand the awareness of knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and influencing factors among residents in Yangpu District， Shanghai. MethodsWe used cluster random sampling method to conduct face-to-face questionnaire surveys on selected household residents in 12 streets of Yangpu District. The survey questions included their understanding of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD related knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of awareness rate. ResultsA total of 1 440 people were ultimately included in the analysis， and the awareness rates of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD awareness were 19.93%， 18.61%， and 14.95%， respectively. Among the people who knew the name of COPD， awareness rate of shortness of breath or dyspnea was the highest （84.12%） in the three main symptoms of COPD. Among the main risk factors of COPD， second-hand smoke（86.78%）and smoking （85.82%） were the highest. The main ways to obtain knowledge of COPD names were through television （12.60%） and the internet （11.97%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men were significantly higher than women in the awareness of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD knowledge， with the OR values of （OR=1.39， 95%CI：1.08‒1.79）， （OR=1.47，95%CI：1.12‒1.92） and （OR=1.37，95%CI：1.02‒1.84）， respectively. The awareness rate of COPD names and lung function tests was the highest among people aged ≥ 65 years old， while the awareness rate of COPD knowledge was the highest among people aged 35‒50 years old. The awareness rate of COPD names was the highest among people with college education or above， civil servants， teachers， and medical staff， people with an annual household income of 100 000‒200 000 yuan. ConclusionThe overall awareness rate of COPD names， lung function tests， and COPD related knowledge among residents in Yangpu District is still at a low level. We should intensify the promotion and education of COPD among key groups such as women， young people， and those with low income， in order to improve the overall awareness rate of COPD among the population.
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@#Introduction: Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is a type of Advance Medical Directive (AMD) that documents a patient’s wishes or desire to refrain from Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), especially in the terminally ill patient. It is a sensitive issue in patient care and less is known on medical students awareness on the area. Aim: This study assessed the opinion, knowledge, awareness and familiarity toward Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order among undergraduate medical students from year 1 to 5 in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 250 undergraduate medical students using an online questionnaire on awareness towards DNR orders. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were applied to examine the distribution and association of DNR awareness among medical students with year of study, gender, race and religion. Results: The study indicated that most participants (84.4%) were familiar with DNR orders. There was no significant association between all 4 variables (year of study, gender, race and religion) with level of awareness among undergraduate medical students in HUSM. Conclusion: Undergraduate medical students have a good awareness on DNR orders. Despite having a multiracial and multi religion community, the medical students have similar patterns in their knowledge about DNR.
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By reviewing the research context of narrative medicine in China in the past five years and sorting out the development status of narrative medicine in clinical practice in China, this paper pointed out the reasons why narrative medicine is difficult to implement in clinical practice in China at present. It mainly includes three points: the awareness of narrative medicine within the clinical medical community is not high; the humanities community focuses on the development of narrative medicine in medical education, resulting in rather scarce research on narrative medicine based on clinical practice; the research objects of narrative medicine are too narrow, ignoring the importance of the public and the front-line clinical personnel in the clinical practice of narrative medicine. Accordingly, this paper proposed corresponding countermeasures: it is advocated to investigate the awareness of narrative medicine in clinical medicine and the public, and it is suggested to list them as important objects of narrative medicine education. At the same time, it is recommended that the relationship between narrative medicine and doctor-patient communication should be clarified theoretically to guide the construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship in clinical practice.
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The study was carried out to understand the changes in the ethical cognition status of laboratory animals and the effectiveness of laboratory animal ethics education among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University (CSU), and provide new enlightenment for further strengthening the ethical education of laboratory animals. In the study, the same self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the ethical cognition of experimental animals among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU in 2011 and 2021, and 359 and 363 questionnaires were collected respectively. Through comparative analysis of the questionnaire results before and after ten years, it was found that medical students’ animal experiment operation and attitudes towards laboratory animals, cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge and their attitude to animal experiment ethics education were significantly improved. It showed that the state of experimental animal ethics cognition among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU had improved significantly in recent 10 years, but the cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge was higher than the actual behavior of caring for experimental animals, and there was the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and action". The ethics education of experimental animals needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ behavior of caring for experimental animals.
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Objective To understand the awareness rate and willingness of parents of school-age infants and young children in Huangpu District, Shanghai to receive the 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and its influencing factors, and to provide basic data for formulating community health education policies. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a full coverage questionnaire survey on the PVC13 awareness rate and vaccination willingness of 1030 parents of infants and young children in 10 communities. Results A total of 1000 questionnaire surveys were completed, with an accurate response rate of 97.08%. The awareness rate of PCV13 was 85.50%, and the awareness rate of complications was less than 80%. The PCV13 vaccination rate was 55.60%. 38.74% of the reasons for not being vaccinated were concerned about vaccine side effects, and 32.21% were concerned about vaccine quality. The higher the education level of parents and the per capita annual income of the family, the higher the awareness rate of pneumococcal vaccine knowledge and the willingness to receive vaccination. Parents with registered residence in other places had low willingness to vaccinate PCV13. Conclusion The public has a higher awareness of PCV13 and a higher willingness to receive vaccination. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific popularization of complications of pneumococcal pneumonia and vaccine safety, strengthen vaccine safety supervision and disclosure of regulatory results, and strengthen PCV13 science popularization for parents of infants and young children with registered residence outside the city.
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@#<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">Caring for ourselves mirrors our caring for others. This mirrored care theory serves as the embodiment of a nurse possessing a selfcare nursing competency capable of mirroring competent patient care. The key concept of the theory is self-care nursing competency. Nursing has been established within this theory to help nurses achieve patient care competencies and impact the nursing profession. Self-care nursing competency contains three domains: self-awareness, self-regarding behavior, and self love. Moreover, Hawthorne nurses are the nurse managers and leaders who must integrate and apply the self-care nursing competency and the concept of the mirrored care theory in the nursing curricula, policies, and programs. These managers and leaders should constantly monitor and appraise the system. Consequently, the mirrored care theory shall rationalize the inclusion of self-care nursing competency in the nursing scope and standards of practice. When nurses possess self-care nursing competency, they are more competent in caring for others since they develop a sense of purpose, decrease experiences of burnout and dissatisfaction, and increase their morale. With this, the quality of care given by the nurses to themselves reflects the quality of care given to their clients. Hence, the mirrored care theory shall serve as a basis of caring not only for the patients but for the nurses as well.<br></p>
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NursesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of combined use of midazolam and remifentanil without muscle relaxant on tracheal intubation in female patients undergoing breast surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 female patients with breast disease who underwent tracheal intubation and general anesthesia at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2023 and June 2023. These patients were divided into a control group ( n = 20) and an observation group ( n = 20) based on whether muscle relaxants were applied at the time of intubation. The control group received intravenous rocuronium bromide, whereas the observation group did not use muscle relaxants. Both groups were intravenously administered midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and remifentanil (4 μg/kg) prior to tracheal intubation. The intubation conditions were evaluated based on factors such as the ease of inserting the laryngoscope and the patient's response to intubation, including coughing. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in age, height, and body mass between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The excellent rate of intubation conditions was significantly lower in the observation group compared with the control group [45% (9/20) vs. 85% (17/20), χ2 = 7.03, P = 0.008). The good rate of intubation conditions was significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group [40% (8/20) vs. 5% (1/20), χ2 = 7.03, P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the excellent and good rates of intubation conditions between the observation and control groups [85% (17/20) vs. 90% (18/20), χ2 = 0.23, P > 0.05]. No significant difference in intraoperative awareness score was observed between the observation and control groups [(2.59 ± 0.44) points vs. (2.61 ± 0.31) points, P > 0.05]. None of the patients in either group exhibited any episodes of arrhythmias. Furthermore, no adverse reactions such as muscle stiffness, nausea, vomiting, or skin itching were observed in either group following the surgical procedure. Conclusion:Without the use of muscle relaxants, intravenous administration of midazolam at 0.1 mg/kg and remifentanil at 4 μg/kg for tracheal intubation in female patients undergoing breast surgery can offer excellent intubation conditions, ensuring that the patient remains unconscious throughout the surgical procedure.
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Objective@#To investigate the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province.@*Methods@#According to the HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Plan, FSWs at ages of 15 to 65 years monitored by the national AIDS surveillance sentinel in Jiaxing City were recruited, and demographic information, awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and related behaviors were collected by questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge were identified by a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 430 questionnaires were allocated, and 412 were valid, with an effective rate of 95.81%. The respondents had a mean age of (28.58±4.93) years, and included 258 unmarried FSWs (62.62%), 344 with registered residence outside Zhejiang Province (83.50%), 212 with junior high school education or below (51.46%) and 243 from high-end entertainment places (58.98%). The overall awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs was 20.39%, and the awareness of "Transfusion of blood containing hepatitis C virus may acquire hepatitis C" (38.83%) and the awareness of "tattooing, eyebrow tattooing and ear piercing in streets or small shops may infect hepatitis C" (38.11%) were relatively low. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified marital status (divorced or widowed, OR=0.161, 95%CI: 0.054-0.482), educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=2.568, 95%CI: 1.446-4.560; junior college or above, OR=6.110, 95%CI: 2.658 -14.045) and grade of entertainment places (high-end entertainment places, OR=2.756, 95%CI: 1.525-4.982) as factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs.@*Conclusion@#FSWs in Jiaxing City have a low awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge, especially lacking of knowledge about the transmission routes and prognosis of hepatitis C.
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Objective@#To investigate the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Shennongjia Forest District, Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into targeting implementation of health education on air pollution protection knowledge.@*Methods@#Students in Grade 3 to 5 in Shennongjia Shiyan primary school were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling method, and students' demographic features and awareness of air pollution protection knowledge were investigated using the Investigation on the Effects of Air Pollution Health Protection of Pupils (Volume A). Factors affecting the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge among primary school students were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 897 questionnaires were allocated, and 877 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 97.77%. The respondents included 446 men (50.86%) and 431 women (49.14%), 301 third grade students (34.32%), 284 fourth grade students (32.38%), and 292 fifth grade students (33.30%), and had a mean age of (10.32±0.93) years. The overall awareness of air pollution protection was 55.76%, and the awareness rates of basic concepts, basic knowledge, and basic behaviors and skills were 42.99%, 53.48% and 57.24%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.453, 95%CI: 1.053-2.005), living with parents (OR=2.638, 95%CI: 1.571-4.429), mother's educational level (below primary school, OR=0.270, 95%CI: 0.084-0.862; primary school, OR=0.169, 95%CI: 0.069-0.416; junior high school, OR=0.309, 95%CI: 0.138-0.691; high school, OR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.160-0.773) and average annual family income (50 000 to 100 000 Yuan, OR=1.629, 95%CI: 1.162-2.282; 100 000 to 150 000 Yuan, OR=1.802, 95%CI: 1.101-2.948; ≥150 000 Yuan, OR=1.939, 95%CI: 1.065-3.529) as factors affecting the awareness of air pollution protection knowledge among primary school students.@*Conclusion@#The awareness of air pollution protection knowledge is 55.76% among primary school students in Shennongjia Forest District, and is affected by age, mother's educational level, average annual family income and living with parents.
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Objective@#To investigate the status of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into developing targeted smoking control measures and promoting maternal and infant health.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who had early pregnancy registration at Jinshan District Community Health Service Center from April 2021 to December 2023 were selected as subjects. The basic information, passive smoking and awareness of passive smoking hazards among pregnant women were collected through questionnaire surveys, and passive smoking rate and awareness rate of passive smoking hazards were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 8 273 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 216 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.31%. The mean age of participants was (29.52±4.60) years. There were 4 991 participants with an education of college degree or above, accounting for 60.75%; 3 565 participants with the first pregnancy, accounting for 43.39%; 3 990 primiparas, accounting for 48.56%; 3 193 participants living with smokers, accounting for 38.86%. A total of 3 710 participants passively smoked, with a passive smoking rate of 45.16%. There were 2 817 participants passively smoked in public places, accounting for 75.93%; 2 253 participants passively smoked in workplaces, accounting for 60.73%; 1 563 participants that passively smoked at home, accounting for 42.13%. The awareness rates regarding the hazards of passive smoking to health, causing lung cancer in adults, causing lung diseases in children, causing preterm birth and low birth weight infants, and causing heart diseases in adults were 92.13%, 88.85%, 87.99%, 82.05% and 62.56%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The rate of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District is comparatively high, while their awareness regarding non-respiratory diseases emanating from passive smoking is comparatively low.
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@#Speech-language therapists (SLTs) are experienced in recognising the symptoms and signs of speech-language disorders and can help the afflicted children overcome those disorders with appropriate intervention. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of children with special educational needs, teachers are expected to identify students with speech-language disorders, which is also a shared responsibility of SLTs. However, the teachers’ awareness and knowledge of speech-language therapy are relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the primary school teachers' awareness and knowledge of speech-language therapy services in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A total of 105 primary school teachers participated in this survey-based study. The findings discovered that the teachers' awareness and knowledge were limited. Among the participants, only 25.7% indicated a high awareness and knowledge regarding the SLTs' roles, yet 68.6% of the teachers had never read about speech-language therapy, and 63.8% had never heard anything about SLPs previously. Consequently, more emphasis on awareness and knowledge of SLPs should be executed for schoolteachers. This will assist the schoolteachers in identifying children with special needs in need of SLT services in the future.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District, Bejing Municipality, so as to provide reference for strengthening the prevention and control of diabetes.@*Methods@#The residents aged 18 to 79 years were selected in Fangshan District using multistage stratified cluster sampling method from March to June 2023. Demographic information, lifestyle, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipid were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory tests. The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes among residents were analyzed and their influencing factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 4 438 residents were enrolled, including 2 367 males (53.33%) and 2 071 females (46.67%), and had a mean age of (44.99±14.90) years. The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes were 15.75%, 57.37%, 56.22% and 22.90%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (aged 30 to 39 years, OR=1.624, 95%CI: 1.011-2.609; aged 40 to 49 years, OR=3.469, 95%CI: 2.163-5.561; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=4.202, 95%CI: 2.595-6.803; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=7.229, 95%CI: 4.406-11.862; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=7.929, 95%CI: 4.665-13.479), obesity (OR=1.368, 95%CI: 1.071-1.748), hypertension (OR=1.943, 95%CI: 1.601-2.359) and dyslipidemia (OR=2.754, 95%CI: 2.287-3.317) were the factors affecting the prevalence of diabetes. Sex (women, OR=1.529, 95%CI: 1.019-2.293), age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=4.971, 95%CI: 1.681-14.698; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=6.070, 95%CI: 2.045-18.020; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=6.902, 95%CI: 2.287-20.832; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=6.954, 95%CI: 2.191-22.070) and hypertension (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.337-2.718) were the factors affecting the awareness of diabetes. Age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=4.699, 95%CI: 1.594-13.855; aged 50 to 59 years, OR=5.990, 95%CI: 2.023-17.732; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=7.134, 95%CI: 2.370-21.470; aged 70 to 79 years, OR=6.639, 95%CI: 2.102-20.964) and hypertension (OR=1.857, 95%CI: 1.304-2.645) were the factors affecting the treatment of diabetes. Age (aged 40 to 49 years, OR=2.948, 95%CI: 1.349-6.438; aged 60 to 69 years, OR=2.344, 95%CI: 1.049-5.234) was the factor affecting the control of diabetes.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence rate of diabetes among residents in Fangshan District was high, and the improvements of awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate were not obvious. Health education and management of diabetes should be strengthened for elderly, hypertensive and dyslipidemic residents.
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@#Tooth avulsion is a dental emergency that needs prompt treatment to minimise complications. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among dental surgery assistants at the UKM Dental Polyclinic. This survey research design of a 19- item questionnaire was distributed to 59 dental surgery assistants (DSAs). The questionnaire consisted of demographic profile questions and questions regarding awareness and knowledge of tooth avulsion and its immediate management. The results showed that 78% of DSAs at the Institute know about first aid management of avulsed teeth, with the majority being taught during their training course. Moreover, 96.2% of the DSAs know what tooth avulsion is and recognise it as a dental emergency. Although 75% of the DSAs have never previously handled any avulsed tooth case, 50% are confident in advising the public on what to do with an avulsed tooth at the time of injury. As for the specific management questions of an avulsed tooth, the responses from the DSAs varied according to the questions, ranging from 50% to 85%. DSAs at the Institute have varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding tooth avulsion. Therefore, regular education programmes on dental trauma and its management will help improve the DSAs’ current knowledge and ability to manage avulsion injuries better in emergencies.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Renal dysfunction is an important risk factor for stroke. Brazilian studies on stroke knowledge are generally population based. Studies stratifying stroke knowledge according to comorbidities are rare. Scientific data are essential to guide the awareness of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess stroke knowledge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study of patients with CKD on hemodialysis in north-eastern Brazil. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey on stroke awareness was administered to patients with CKD on hemodialysis between April and November 2022. The chi-square test and other descriptive statistics were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were included in the analysis. The Brazilian acronym for stroke was used by 53.5% of the participants. Less than 10.0% of the sample showed optimal decision-making ability regarding stroke. Of the participants, 29.9% knew at least one risk factor and one symptom; however, this was considered as having below the minimum capacity because they did not know the emergency service call number. In the analysis adjusted for income and education, females (odds ratio [OR], 0.40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.82), older patients (OR, 0.24%; 95% CI, 0.09-0.63) and having at most one comorbidity (OR, 0.48%; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98) were factors for lower levels of knowledge or ideal decision-making capacity against stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on hemodialysis, especially women and older people, have little knowledge about stroke.
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Aim: Like other fields of health, the main focus in dentistry has shifted from treatment to prevention of diseases. Parents have a vital role in deciding about their children's oral health issues. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of four educational methods (including printed pamphlets, digital pamphlets, faceto-face education, and educational films) in increasing the awareness of parents about preventive orthodontic treatments. Methods: The study samples were selected from patients who were referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department. 150 parents of children between 4-12 years old participated in the study. They filled out a questionnaire including demographic data and knowledge about orthodontic problems and their early treatments. Then they were divided into five groups (control, printed pamphlet, digital pamphlet, face-to-face, educational films) and after one month they repeated the test. Results: A total of 102 fathers and 48 mothers were evaluated. There was no statistical difference between different ages, sex, or income in terms of their awareness, but the awareness score between educational groups was different. There has been observed a significant increase in the awareness level of all four groups (except the control group) (P < 0.05). The highest score was seen in the video group. The difference between printed pamphlets and digital pamphlets was not significant. Conclusions: The results indicate that educational films are the most effective way of increasing awareness about preventive orthodontic treatments
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Humans , Male , Female , Orthodontics, Preventive , Parents , Awareness , Therapeutics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pediatric Dentistry , Education, DentalABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose To review studies that have intervention in reading with impacts on phonological awareness in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research strategies Searches took place until February 2021 in Cochrane, Embase, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and gray literature databases. Selection criteria The review included experimental studies with preschoolers and schoolchildren with ASD. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and, in case of disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. Data analysis Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results Eight studies with some impact on phonological awareness were reviewed. The risk of bias was low and moderate. The certainty of the evidence was low for randomized trials and very low for non-randomised trials. Comparison of pre- and post-therapy on the Preschool Literacy Test (TOPEL) showed that children with ASD improved phonological awareness, with a mean difference between baseline and post-therapy of 6.21 (95% CI = 3.75-8.67; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Shared reading and software activities with words and phrases can alter phonological awareness. These results support further research with larger samples and a detailed description of the intervention to observe its effectiveness in phonological awareness.